13.8 billion years ago the Big Bang occurred. Consequently, this is the distance that the observable universe can extend, that is, 13.8 billion light years. We can further assume that the space-time beyond that distance may be another universe, and therefore there may be multiverses or multiverses.
We discussed the Big Bang that spawned our universe. What if there was more than one Big Bang? This assumption can lead to the existence of multiverse.
For religious readers, I should point out that the conflict between Genesis as seen by the Bible and the Big Bang as seen by scientists will not be resolved here. There is no compatibility between the two. Suffice it to mention that there are basic differences in the order of events, in the time scale, and even in the future prediction of our destiny. On the one hand God will protect us and there will be a resurrection in the future and on the other hand the Earth will cool down and we will perish. The Bible tells us that the universe was supernaturally created by God and the Big Bang tells us that it was created and evolved naturally. We cannot match the billion years of creation versus the thousands of years according to the Bible.
It is fascinating to listen to the explanations of orthodox physicists. Some would try to explain that there is no contradiction since God also created the Big-Bang or the day of God perhaps millions of years ago. Other orthodox physicists would simply accept the conflict and not try to combine faith with scientific evidence. However, it is a common belief that there was a starting point for creation. It is impossible to build a bridge between different points of view regarding creation. It is especially difficult for the orthodox group to accept the facts of archaeological evidence for dinosaurs, Neanderthals, or Darwinian theories.
We live in a world of three or four dimensions if we consider space and time. What if there are more than four dimensions? Consequently, we could have other worlds in different dimensions which can lead to the concept of Parallel Universes.
Is the speed of light the same everywhere? Or can space/matter travel faster than the speed of light?
According to the special theory of relativity, a particle with subluminal speed needs infinite energy to accelerate to the speed of light.
What if we have unusually distorted regions of spacetime where matter can reach distant places in less time than light could in undistorted spacetime?
In this case we have a transmission faster than the speed of light.
Background and known facts.
A light year is a unit of astronomical distance equal to the distance light travels in one year, 1 light year = 9.4605284 × 1015 meters or 9.4607 × 1012 km (almost 6 trillion miles or 9 trillion km) . 9460730472580800 meters exactly. Light travels at 300,000 kilometers (186,000 miles) per second. The speed of light will have its known and accepted value only if it is measured in a vacuum. The speed of light is independent of the observer’s motion and does not vary with time or place.
Light stops in air, water and glass. The deceleration is the refractive index of that medium.
The particle of light, the photon, has no mass or is very small if not zero. If the mass is not zero, the speed of light would not be constant. Standard time is adjusted by adding or subtracting a leap second from time to time. There is a slowdown in the Earth’s rotation by about 1/100,000 of a second per year due to tidal forces between the Earth, the Sun, and the Moon.
The basic theories and measurements related to the light year are widely accepted, however when we leave this galaxy there may be many inaccuracies and further calculations and validations are required to maintain those theories and calculations developed for our galaxy. When we leave our universe, those calculations may be inaccurate or even out of date.
In his new theory, Einstein argued that the speed of light is changing. in his book [Einstein, 1920] “Relativity: The Special and General Theory” wrote: According to the general theory of relativity, the law of the constancy of the speed of light in a vacuum, which constitutes one of the two fundamental assumptions in the special theory of relativity, it cannot claim any unlimited validity. A bending of light rays can only take place when the speed of light propagation varies with position. In special relativity, the speed of light is constant when measured in any inertial frame. In general relativity, the proper generalization is that the speed of light is constant in any freely falling reference frame.
There are billions of people on Earth. Our Earth orbits around the Sun in our Solar System. Our Sun is one star among billions in the Milky Way. Our galaxy, the Milky Way, is one of billions of galaxies in our Universe. A galaxy is a large collection of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity.
A wormhole, or Einstein-Rosen bridge, is a hypothetical topological feature that would essentially be a shortcut through space-time. A wormhole is a theoretical passage through space-time that could create shortcuts for long journeys across the universe. It is much like a tunnel with two ends, each at separate points in space-time. A space-time tunnel could exist in the middle of the Milky Way and we could travel through it. Wormholes are areas where space and time are bent so that distant points are now closer together. Einstein predicted the existence of wormholes in his theory of general relativity in 1935.
The Möbius strip is a surface with only one side and one limit.
What if-Theory.
We assume that the light year (LY) is a constant, or LY=c where c=constant. In general terms we can assume that LY=f(c, x1, x2,… ,xn) where {x1, x2,… ,xn} are variables that can be zero, which means that LY=c would match acceptable terminology or calculations.
However, what happens if one of the xi-s has a non-zero value?
This assumption can obviously affect the value of LY. Such xi-s can be those parameters that can slow down or speed up the speed of light, thus affecting LY.
What factors can be in the group of xi -s?
The answer could be: wormholes, bubbles, black holes, the expansion of the universe, etc. These and other parameters must be considered for time distortions within and between galaxies and/or multiverses.
Suppose normal calculation says that to go from earth (e) to planet (b) the measured distance (d) is LY (k), which corresponds to n years in time